![]() ![]() Why Early Matters for Healthy Brain and Child Development. Dr. Pat Levitt discusses the research showing that early life experiences influence social, emotional and learning skills, and how these skills come together to help children succeed in the real world and how healthy brain architecture provides the resilience to deal with adversity experienced during the first years of life. Dr. Pat Levitt: Thanks for the very kind introduction. It's great to be back here at the Urban Child Institute. So part of the time I spend away from the laboratory or the training program is in the policy arena, and in particular, how to communicate the science of brain and child development to people who are in positions to make decisions. So that's policy makers, that's business leaders, that's families, that's service providers, that's the community in general. And so I've been part of the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, which is up there since 2. The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bond: Focus on Children in Poverty. Healthy Child Healthy World is a California nonprofit organization. Our mission is to empower parents to take action to protect kids from toxic chemicals. To avoid birth defects and have a healthy pregnancy, moms-to-be are encouraged to eat a healthy diet that offers many nutrients, like probiotics. A healthy diet helps children grow and learn. It also helps prevent obesity and weight-related diseases, such as diabetes. To give your child a nutritious diet. Child Development. Myth: "Growing up in poverty doesn't affect children as long as you raise them right." Fact: Poverty affects the healthy development of every child. CHILD will provide a greater understanding of the root causes of allergy and asthma including genetic and environmental triggers and the ways in which they interact. ![]() And so what I'm going to talk about tonight is the basics of brain and child development that will then lead, I think hopefully will, into a talk that's going to focus on the kinds of programs and interventions that can enhance child development and families and the community in general. So there's my title. So let's start with common misconceptions about child development, what I call the myths. You like that, Dan? Dan Goldowitz: Yeah. Pat Levitt: It's good. So far so good. So children are, you have to shout out what the picture is, okay? This is participation for Brain Awareness Week in Tennessee. Pat Levitt: Misconception. Children are not sponges. Children are children. Right there, there's a child, right there. They are not sponges. You can't drop them in the middle of a room and say, . I'll be back in 1. Eighty percent of brain development occurs by?? Pat Levitt: Wrong. In terms of size and structure, the brain is 8. But raise your hand if you think a 3- year old has basically 8. Raise your hand. Because there's so much more that goes on in terms of brain development besides the size of it, right? And so I've even heard some political candidates talking about this. Their heart's in the right place, but their brain is in the wrong place. There's a lot of development that occurs before birth, after, all the way through, believe it or not, through adolescence. We'll talk about that in a minute. Bad stuff happens. You just have to be tough. Arnold, right, Arnold. You just have to be strong. So that's the narrative that we have in this country about rugged individualism, that being tough, being resilient, which you're going to hear about in the next talk, is simply about whether you got it or you don't got it, and that's not the case at all, that in fact, resilience is comprised of skills, just like other skills that we think about, reading and sports or whatever, and you can build those in children. You're going to hear about that. And then ready to learn is all about numbers or letters or whatever. So learning is all about how the brain puts together social and emotional and cognitive functions that really further the development in terms of learning skill sets for a lifetime, and you cannot separate those out. And programs that focus on one component don't work, and that's what the science says. So here's the core story of brain and child development that the council developed over the last 1. And the first is that child development is the foundation of prosperous communities. I think everyone who I've gone around to about 4. I think it's pretty clear that everybody embraces this for a whole bunch of different reasons, but they recognize this. Brains are built over time from the bottom up. Think about anything that a child learns. Basic skills start first. In fact, simple circuits are built first in the brain, and then more complex circuits follow. So skill begets skill. And so if you don't have the basic skills, are you going to ever be able to learn the more complex skills? Genes and experience together build brains. So it's not which one is at work, but it's both genes and environment. Scientists don't argue about this anymore. We embrace both. We love our genes and we love our experiences, hopefully. And I'll talk about serve and return relationships. Because humans are social. We're social, and that everything that I'm going to talk about really revolves around that component of our behavior that's critical for emotional behavior, and learning how to regulate our emotions under all different kinds of circumstances, and our cognitive development. Our education is done and needs to continue to be done in a social setting, positive social settings, and if they're not, they really are tremendous liabilities in terms of being able to learn. Cognitive social- emotional development are inextricably intertwined. They're not separate. Toxic stress damages brain architecture. You'll hear more about that. That's early, profound adversity that occurs in a chronic way that sets off a chronic stress response system that affects both brain health and body health, both, mental health and physical health. I'll show that in a minute. And then resilience is not an internal character strength, I've already talked about that. Then finally, for many functions, the brain's capacity for change decreases over time. So it's not that we can't learn as we get older. It's not that we can't change a little bit as we get older. You just have to expend a lot more energy, and it's much more expensive, quite frankly, to do interventions later on or to do programs that focus much later on. The brain's plasticity decreases over time. So what do these have in common? Early child care and education, positive psychology, speech language, positive exposure, primary care, physical exercise, occupational therapy, spiritual, physical therapy, child- parent counseling – what do they have in common? They have the brain in common. They're all targeting brain architecture. They're all targeting how the brain is developing in these periods of time that are sensitive to those kinds of experiences. And, of course, that's the adult brain. This is the typical toddler brain there. This region right here, my wife says, . So this is what the brain looks like from a developmental perspective, when you look at the principal brain cells, which are called neurons. This is a newborn, and you can see the number of neurons. And they have these little processes that receive information called dendrites, and they have another process that allows them to connect to other neurons to pass information along, and those are axons. So this is a newborn, and this is at one month. Are there more nerve cells? Pat Levitt: No. It's an optical delusion. They're bigger and they have more.. In fact, the number of neurons is the same. That's at six months. Incredible amount of growth that occurred. Rob is counting. Go away, Rob. Get out of here. I got to get through this. Look at two years! Look at two years! It's unbelievable, the amount of growth. No more neurons, lots of process growth. They're making connections, and those connections are occurring at about 7. From the third trimester of pregnancy all the way through the first two years of life, all these connections are being made. Oops, I don't know why that happened. I hit the button, actually. I'm sorry. And this is what happens birth, 6 years, and 1. This is not evidence that the adolescent brain is in degeneration. It doesn't mean that the adolescent brain is falling apart, though it seems. It turns out that we overproduce nerve connections, and we basically solidify the ones that we use through experience, and we get rid of the ones that we don't need because it's not cost- efficient. And so actually our brains grow, they get to a maximum size, and then over time, the brain actually reduces in size, and it's pruning or getting rid of those connections. Just like if you have a garden that overgrow a little bit, but then you prune it back and the plants are actually healthier and they produce more fruits or vegetables. Same concept. Genes provide the basic blueprint, but experiences shape the process that determines whether a child's brain will provide a strong or weak foundation for all future learning, behavior, and health. During this important period of brain development, billions of brain cells called neurons send electrical signals to communicate with each other. These connections form circuits that become the basic foundation of brain architecture. Circuits and connections proliferate at a rapid pace, and are reinforced through repeated use. Our experiences and environment dictate which circuits and connections get more use. Connections that are used more grow stronger and more permanent. Meanwhile, connections that are used less fade away through a normal process called pruning. Well- used circuits create lightning- fast pathways for neuro signals to travel across regions of the brain. Simple circuits form first, providing a foundation for more complex circuits to build on later. Through this process, neurons form strong circuits and connections for emotions, motor skills, behavioral control, logic, language, and memory during the early critical period of development. With repeated use, these circuits become more efficient and connect to other areas of the brain more rapidly. While they originate in specific areas of the brain, the circuits are interconnected. You can't have one type of skill without the others to support it. Like building a house, everything is connected, and what comes first forms a foundation for all that comes later. Pat Levitt: So that took about a minute and twenty. I took 1. 0 minutes to describe this. I just should have shown the video. By the way, the videos, most of the time I'll show you, you can go to the Center for the Developing Child, and you can get these videos and download them. There's all sorts of PDFs or papers that have been written. So here's the deal. Experiences are really important. They drive development of the brain.
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BBC Earth: Discover and share amazing animal facts, photos and breaking news, and watch exclusive wildlife videos from the best BBC TV & Radio shows. ![]() KS2 COMPLETE . Our ultimate aim is to provide everything you need in one place. On each page you will find lesson plans, resources, links to key websites, video and display materials. If you are looking for cross curricular maths resources, we have scoured the net for the best ones we could find for key topics. From ancient Greece to Britain in the Dark Ages, these are familiar stories that we we all think we know inside out: Greeks Literacy. Have you been looking for ways to make your lessons more exciting? As an aid to the creative curriculum, we have put together some cross curricular maths resources which might come in handy. Topics so far include : Maths and science, Maths and geography, Maths and history, Bonfire night, Halloween, Spies, Superheroes, Pirates, The Romans, Castles, The Rainforest and Harry Potter amongst others but we are always looking for good ideas. ![]() ![]() If you would like to share your ideas, please contact us on the Blog page and we will upload your lesson plans to the site. Think about basing your literacy and maths lessons on topics from the school year: Bonfire Night The life of Guy Fawkes; Firework poetry; The Firework- maker’s daughter; write instructions for a firework party ; Bonfire night percentages and Murder Mystery at the Bonfire night. Witches Witches really are a detestable breed. They disguise themselves as lovely ladies, when secretly they want to squish and squelch all the wretched children they despise. Luckily one boy and his grandmother know how to recognize these vile creatures – but can they get rid of them for good? Use order of operations, factors, prime numbers and multiplication to expel the fraud. Castles Reverse the spells placed upon the royal family of Computation Castle by the evil witch; the story of St George told in a catchy song; estimate the volume of puddles, make muffins and concoct magic potions; label parts of the castle and their uses; a retelling of the St George and the Dragon legend using animations. Christmas Michael Rosen visits the home of Charles Dickens; background to setting of . Images of Victorian Life, Dickens . How many different designs can you make? Spies. Lessons based on the idea that Dr Evil is going to attempt to take over the world and only YOUR class can stop him; Combination locks- maths problem solving; Give children the opportunity to become code breakers and to make up a code of their own- easily be linked to a creative writing lesson about spies who use secret codes. Superheroes. Cross curricular project on Superheroes, plus a week long plan for Superhero themed Maths; a Superhero Maths series of lessons, focusing on working systematically. Buildings. Hay Fields is an area and perimeter game that primary and elementary students play only using a die, pencils and paper; 3. D objects from 2. ![]() D drawings; How to calculate area in square metres from knowledge of lengths and widths using a real life problem – estimating and measuring the length of a carpet. Harry Potter. Harry Potter topic : Power. Point for 4 lessons themed around the Harry Potter films; Writing a match report; A series of 6 lesson plans on NLS unit Short Stories with Flashbacks with the focus being the book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone; Plans and resources for the teaching of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Robots. Can you become a first class recruit? ![]() Help Caleb by putting together the pieces of the archive and uncovering the secrets of the Roboidz; Interactive maths resources based on Bamzooki robot games. Chocolate. The Easter Bunny needs help with his homework! Just a few of the recommended books for UKS2. Science. Year 3 science Healthy eating Plants Rocks Light Forces and Magnets Animals, including Humans. Year 4 Science Living Things and their Habitats Teeth The Digestive System Classification The Body States of Matter The Water Cycle Sound Food Chains Electricity Yr 4. Year 5 Science Earth and space Forces Life Cycles Reproduction in plants Properties and Changes of Materials Animals including humans. Year 6 Science Living Things and their Habitats Diet and Lifestyle Evolution and Inheritance Human Circulatory System Light- Year 6 Electricity. Introduce kids to new, exciting ways of learning with the help of fun online games, videos, experiments, puzzles, colouring sheets, and more! Turtle. Diary activities pair with the appropriate grade level to enhance retention of material and increase success in the classroom. Teaching Activity. Resources & NC Guidance. 1a Ourselves. Use their senses to explore the world around them.
Breast shapes . Refer to this to share and identify how do your breasts look. Access the breast shapes gallery. Contributing to the breast shapes gallery. We're attempting to build a gallery using real breast pictures so users can identify which match their breasts best. Contribute to breast shapes! Read more on how this works. Canonical breast shapes. The following is a list of canonical breast shapes that can be used to describe certain attributes of your breasts. Keep in mind that all of these shapes can appear in combined manner and on different degrees. For example someone may have very wide breast root, while other can have a more mild bit still wide root. To best depict these kind of variations we encourage to use the the breast shapes gallery. ![]() Round boobs Mark this option if your breasts are mostly rounded. See bras that fit round boobs. Pointy boobs Mark this shape if you notice your boobs to more somewhat pointy. ![]() ![]() ![]() See bras that fit pointy boobs. Full on top. The description says most of it. If you do have boobs that are full on top choose this option. See bras that fit full on top boobs. Full on bottom. This seems like a more natural shape for larger boobs, it is quite normal that bigger/heavier boobs tend to be full on the bottom. Mark this option if describes you . See bras that fit full on bottom boobs. Wide root. Choose this if the part of your torso where your boobs are attached takes a big part of your chest. Usually when your boobs go back under your arms and are not very separate. ![]() See bras that fit boobs with wide root. Narrow root. This is the opposite of the previous shape, in this case your boobs do not have much tissue on the sides of your torso. This does not mean smaller boobs, just a small . See bras that fit boobs with narrow root. Wide boobs. Wide boobs are boobs that are wider than the root, it is usually the case of slim torsos with narrow roots and big boobs. See bras that fit wide boobs. Narrow boobs. This will most likely go together with a wide root breast on a medium to small cup size. Where the overall breast tissue does not expand further to the sides than the breast root. See bras that fit narrow boobs. High nipples. Mark this option if your nipples are high on your breast. See bras that fit boobs with high nipples. Low nipples. Mark this option if your nipples are low on your breasts, not necessarily pointing down, but just low on the breast. See bras that fit boobs with low nipples. Close boobs. This means that your boobs are very close together on your chest. 100% Guaranteed Successful Results By Over 194,000 People in 174. What is Your Body Shape? The Female Horizontal Body Types: Hourglass, Inverted Triangle, Triangle, Rectangle, Diamond, Oval. If you like your body shape you are. How to Power the Golf Swing. Click here to go to the index page. Introduction. This review paper is focused on the biomechanical and physical-mechanical. For Back Extensions, the best and most efficient way is to extend your arms over your head with or without a weight. If you aren’t educated or understand the. Breast shape is a very important factor that affects bra fit. Breast shapes gallery. We have a gallery of real breasts submitted by users. Refer to this to share and. Make the women swoon with this muscle-building strategy for a perfect v-shaped torso from Men's Health. You usually have problems with the underwire rubbing your breasts near your sternum. See bras that fit close together boobs. Separate boobs. Mark this if your boobs are separate on your torso and have two or more fingers separation between them. See bras that fit separate boobs. Rather Empty. Select this shape if your boobs lack volume and/or have too much skin. See bras that fit rather empty boobs. Broad shoulders. Mark this option if you have broad shoulders. This can make a difference in how the bra straps fit. See bras that fit a torso with broad shoulders. Narrow shoulders. You should check this option if you have very narrow shoulders. You'll know this because you usually have trouble with open coats and purses sliding off See bras that fit a torso with narrow shoulders.
![]() ![]() High on chest. This shape represents boobs that start very high on your torso, not necessarily perky, but they are attached close to your shoulders. See bras that fit boobs high on chest. Low on chest. Use this shape if your boobs start very low in your torso, this may result in your breasts feeling like they hang low, but not necessarily, as this just means that your boobs are attached to your torso somewhat low. See bras that fit boobs low on chest. Surgically Enhanced. You'd mark this shape if you currently have any sort of breast implant. See bras that fit boobs surgically enhanced. Pendulous breasts. You'd mark this shape if your breasts have a fair bit of hang and have a longer shape with most of its fullness on the lower part of the breast. See bras that fit pendulous breasts. Determine Your Body Shape . You might be petite or. Thin- boned or thick- boned. Large- chested, something in the middle or small- chested. You might have high hips. Slim, curvy, chubby or overweight. And the list goes on. Meaning - the contours of your body figure based on your waistline. Basically, it's how your upper, mid and lower half are in proportion with each other. This means we don't always take ! If you're new to body shapes, please click here or continue reading the rest of. This is just a guideline, not a gospel ; ). Step a few feet away from a full- length mirror and observe your overall body shape. For example: Wearing boy shorts can emphasize your hips and make you look more bottom heavy. Now, focus on the shape of your torso. And visualize a dress form - shoulders to hips. An hourglass is always between 8. See more further down this page. You might have. weight surrounding your waist. Let's take a closer look at each torso combination(body shape)! You have a well- defined waist. Your bust and shoulders are proportionally narrower than your hip- line. Narrow or sloping shoulders. You may have short and/or full/muscular legs. Click here (opens in a new window) for fashion advice and tips on how to dress for your curvascious pear shape. Back to Top. Inverted Triangle Body Shape. Your hips are narrow or at least narrower than your bust and shoulders. You may have slim legs which often comes with this body shape. You might have a flat butt. You project a sporty- athletic physique. Your figure looks toppled. Your bust and shoulders are about the same width as your hip- line. You might look shorter and heavier than you really are. You have little or no waist definition. Waist measures from 1. You may have gained weight or given birth. Click here (opens in a new window) for advice and. Your bust and shoulders are at the same width as your hips. You have a defined waist. When gaining weight, the fat usually stores evenly throughout your body. Your waist is 8. Your figure resembles a coke bottle. You have the appearance of being round, slightly wide around the waistline. Your waistline lacks or has no waist defintion. Your hips and butt might be wide and full along with your waist. Your silhouette is round usually due to overweight or childbirth. Bust, waist and hips are very close in measurements. And then figure out what needs to be trimmed or added to create a proportional body shape. You definitely have wide shoulders and bust but you do have a waist and little bit of curves. Now what category do belong to now? You could still be an Inverted Triangle because your upper half, the shoulders and bust, are despite everything else, the most prominent area of your body figure. She could almost pass up for a rectangle or a pear shape. For some this would make her. This usually confuses you because it doesn't indicate what specific category she's in. Look at the bigger picture - if your overall figure is an hourglass but you have some extra weight around the waist find ways to slim that area down (eg. Learn more about how to achieve a proportional silhouette no matter body shape. Back to Top. Related Content: Go Back to Guide to Determining & Dressing Your Body Shapes. Leave How to Determine Your Body Shape and Return to Homepage. The Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for different nutrients were developed on Western diets, and therefore, high-carb diets. Given that a ketogenic metabolism uses. ![]() ![]() Iron- deficiency anemia - Wikipedia. Iron- deficiency anemia, also spelled iron- deficiency anaemia. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
Anemia, also spelled anaemia, is usually defined as a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood. It can also be defined as a. Disease: Biochemical Defect and Pathogenesis: Inheritance and classification: Clinical manifestations: Lab.Investigations: Treatment: 1. Lactose Intolerance. Anemia that comes on quickly often has greater symptoms which may include: confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, and increased thirst. There needs to be significant anemia before a person becomes noticeably pale. There may be additional symptoms depending on the underlying cause. Bleeding can be from a range of sources such as the intestinal, uterine or urinary tract. The most common cause of iron- deficiency anemia in children in developing countries is parasitic worms. Iron- deficiency anemia affected 1. None of the symptoms (or any of the others below) are sensitive or specific. Pallor of mucous membranes (primarily the conjunctiva) in children indicates anemia with the best correlation to the actual disease, but in a large study was found to be only 2. Iron- deficiency must be diagnosed by laboratory testing. Because iron deficiency tends to develop slowly, adaptation occurs and the disease often goes unrecognized for some time, even years; patients often adapt to the systemic effects that anemia causes. In severe cases, dyspnea (trouble breathing) can occur. Unusual obsessive food cravings, known as pica, may develop. Pagophagia or pica for ice has been suggested to be specific, but is actually neither a specific or sensitive symptom, and is not helpful in diagnosis. When present, it may (or may not) disappear with correction of iron- deficiency anemia. Other symptoms and signs of iron- deficiency anemia include: Infant development. An infant made severely iron- deficient during its earlier life cannot recover to normal iron levels even with iron therapy. In contrast, iron deficiency during later stages of development can be compensated with sufficient iron supplements. Iron- deficiency anemia affects neurological development by decreasing learning ability, altering motor functions, and permanently reducing the number of dopamine receptors and serotonin levels. Iron deficiency during development can lead to reduced myelination of the spinal cord, as well as a change in myelin composition. Additionally, iron- deficiency anemia has a negative effect on physical growth. Growth hormone secretion is related to serum transferrin levels, suggesting a positive correlation between iron- transferrin levels and an increase in height and weight. This is also linked to pica, as it can be a cause. A diagnosis of iron- deficiency anemia then requires further investigation as to its cause. It can be caused by increased iron demand / loss or decreased iron intake. The cause of chronic blood loss should all be considered, according to the patient's sex, age, and history, and anemia without an attributable underlying cause is sufficient for an urgent referral to exclude underlying malignancy. In babies and adolescents, rapid growth may outpace dietary intake of iron, and result in deficiency without disease or grossly abnormal diet. There are several common causes of blood loss: Women with menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods) are at risk of iron- deficiency anemia because they are at higher- than- normal risk of losing a larger amount blood during menstruation than is replaced in their diet. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body — such as from a peptic ulcer, angiodysplasia, a colon polyp or gastrointestinal cancer, excessively heavy periods — can cause iron- deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some groups of medication, such as NSAIDs (e. If a person consumes too little iron, or iron that is poorly absorbed (non- heme iron), they can become iron deficient over time. Examples of iron- rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron- fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diet, too. Many intestinal disorders can reduce the body's ability to absorb iron. There are different mechanisms that may be present. In cases where there has been a reduction in surface area of the bowel, such as in celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease or post- surgical resection, the body can absorb iron, but there is simply insufficient surface area. Ferrous and ferric iron salts will precipitate out of solution in the bowel and be poorly absorbed. In cases where systemic inflammation is present, iron will be absorbed into enterocytes but, due to the reduction in basolateral ferroportin molecules which allow iron to pass into the systemic circulation, iron is trapped in the enterocytes and is lost from the body when the enterocytes are sloughed off. Depending on the disease state, one or more mechanisms may occur. When the body has sufficient iron to meet its needs (functional iron), the remainder is stored for later use in all cells, but mostly in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. These stores are called ferritin complexes and are part of the human (and other animals) iron metabolism systems. Ferritin complexes in humans carry about 4. A travel history to areas in which hookworms and whipworms are endemic may be helpful in guiding certain stool tests for parasites or their eggs. A sufficiently low hemoglobin (Hb) by definition makes the diagnosis of anemia, and a low hematocrit value is also characteristic of anemia. Further studies will be undertaken to determine the anemia's cause. If the anemia is due to iron deficiency, one of the first abnormal values to be noted on a CBC, as the body's iron stores begin to be depleted, will be a high red blood cell distribution width (RDW), reflecting an increased variability in the size of red blood cells (RBCs). In the course of slowly depleted iron status, an increasing RDW normally appears even before anemia appears. A low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) often appears next during the course of body iron depletion. It corresponds to a high number of abnormally small red blood cells. A low MCV, a low mean corpuscular hemoglobin or mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and the appearance of the RBCs on visual examination of a peripheral blood smear narrows the problem to a microcytic anemia (literally, a . The numerical values for these measures are all calculated by modern laboratory equipment. The blood smear of a person with iron deficiency shows many hypochromic (pale and relatively colorless) and rather small RBCs, and may also show poikilocytosis (variation in shape) and anisocytosis (variation in size). With more severe iron- deficiency anemia, the peripheral blood smear may show hypochromic pencil- shaped cells, and occasionally small numbers of nucleated red blood cells. This effect was classically postulated to be due to high erythropoietin levels in the body as a result of anemia, cross- reacting to activate thrombopoietin receptors in the precursor cells that make platelets; however, this process has not been corroborated. Such slightly increased platelet counts present no danger, but remain valuable as an indicator even if their origin is not yet known. A low serum ferritin is the most sensitive lab test for iron deficiency anemia. However, serum ferritin can be elevated by any type of chronic inflammation and so is not always a reliable test of iron status if it is within normal limits (i. The ratio of serum iron to TIBC (called iron saturation or transferrin saturation index or percent) is the most specific indicator of iron deficiency when it is sufficiently low. The iron saturation (or transferrin saturation) of < 5% almost always indicates iron deficiency, while levels from 5% to 1. A transferrin saturation of 1. Normal saturations are usually slightly lower for women (> 1. It is very important not to treat a people with thalassemia with an iron supplement, as this can lead to hemochromatosis (accumulation of iron in various organs, especially the liver). A hemoglobin electrophoresis provides useful evidence for distinguishing these two conditions, along with iron studies. Furthermore, a study published April 2. If the cause is a dietary iron deficiency, eating more iron- rich foods, such as beans, lentils or red meat, or taking iron supplements will usually correct the anemia. Alternatively, intravenous iron (or blood transfusions) can be administered. The difference between iron intake and iron absorption, also known as bioavailability, can be great. Iron absorption problems are worsened when iron is taken in conjunction with milk, tea, coffee and other substances. A number of methods that can help mitigate this, including: Fortification with ascorbic acid increases bioavailability in both presence and absence of inhibiting substances, but is subject to deterioration from moisture or heat. Ascorbic acid fortification is usually limited to sealed, dried foods, but individuals can easily take ascorbic acid with a basic iron supplement for the same benefits. The primary benefit over ascorbic acid is durability and shelf life, particularly for products like milk, which undergo heat treatment. Microencapsulation with lecithin binds and protects the iron particles from the action of inhibiting substances. Using an iron amino acid chelate, such as Na. Fe. EDTA, similarly binds and protects the iron particles. A study by the hematology unit of the University of Chile indicated chelated iron (ferrous bis- glycine chelate) can work with ascorbic acid to achieve even higher absorption levels. Separating intake of iron and inhibiting substances by a few hours. Using nondairy milk (such as soy, rice, or almond milk) or goats' milk instead of cows' milk. Gluten- free diets can resolve some instances of iron- deficiency anemia if it is a result of celiac disease. Heme iron, found only in animal foods, such as meat, fish, and poultry, is more easily absorbed than nonheme iron, found in plant foods and supplements. ![]() A Beginner's Plan to Results. Losing 1. 0 pounds in 3 short days while eating ice cream sound like a dieter’s dream come true. This is what the Military Diet promises those desperate to shed some pounds the fast way. The Military Diet promises you’ll fit into those skinny jeans, get a hot beach ready body, or look smashing in that little black dress at the end of the diet. But is the Military Diet too good to be true or is it the magic diet solution you have been wishing for? If you need to lose weight and do it quickly, it might be just what you are looking for. But while it may help you rock those skinny jeans, if you are looking for a long term health fix, you might want to look elsewhere. Read on to find out what the 3 Day Military Diet is, who it’s good for, and what you can and can’t eat on the diet. IN SUMMARY, Here Is What You’ll Discover in This Article (Click any of the links below to jump to each section): What is the Military Diet? The Military Diet is a very calorie restricted, 3 day diet that’s based on the principles of consuming the right combination of metabolism boosting foods. The diet also incorporates the idea of intermittent fasting with 3 days of very restricted eating followed by 4 days of a more moderate approach. While the diet itself is pretty straight forward, it’s not for the faint of heart. This diet may be exceedingly difficult to stick with because it must be followed exactingly. ![]() ![]() ![]() Slimming down through the ages Fad diets come and go, but the idea of dieting itself has been around for centuries. From President Taft to Victoria Beckham, and the. All the fruit you want except banana. All the vegetables you want *you can use soy sauce, vinegar or mustard. All the fruit. Detox, cleanse, and juice diets Svirin Vadim "I'm not a big fan of long term detox or juicing diets," said Pamela Nisevich Bede, co-author of the book "Run to Lose: A. ![]() ![]() The 3 days on the diet have you following a set meal plan. Day 1 of the diet is easier because you are consuming more food than the very limited quantities in Day 3. On days 4 through 7, you can eat whatever you want but should stay under 1. Does it work? Whether or not the 3 Day Military Diet works for you really depends on your overall goals. If your goal is to lose a few pounds and lose them quickly, then it might work for you. However, if your goal is more long term like substantial weight loss or improving your overall health, this diet will not work for you. It is too restrictive to sustain for a long period of time to help you do more than jump start a large weight loss, and it doesn’t have enough vitamins and nutrients to help you improve your health or reach your fitness goals. ![]() Here's a countdown of four diets that may seem to work at the beginning, but aren't promising for lasting weight loss.When you combine the specific food combinations and recommended portions with will power to stick to the diet weight loss will happen. The foods included in the diet are chosen for a reason. Each food has a relatively low calorie count as well as having protein, carbs and fats that interact and promote fat burning action. These food combinations jump start your body’s fat scorching power and speed up your metabolism so the pounds melt away. Drinking extra water while on the diet will help ensure this happens. The water helps you feel full without having any calories while it helps flush the nasty toxins out of your system. Those toxins are the same toxins that keep those stubborn extra pounds hanging around. Who is the 3 Day Military Diet best for? The 3 Day Military Diet is definitely not suited for everyone. If you’re to get healthy, you should think about a different diet solution. However, if you are just trying to shed some extra weight quickly before a big event than this may be for you. Aside from just looking for a quick way to drop pounds without improving your health, you should also have very strong willpower. This diet may allow you to eat ice cream but it doesn’t allow you to stray from the laid out plans at all. It’s also very likely that the diet will make you quite hungry so you must be prepared to not give into those hunger pangs. The 3 Day Military diet also appeals to people that love structure and following premade plans. The diet has an exact list of meals for the 3 day duration that must be followed. People that like to improvise more will not do well on this plan. Pros and Cons of the 3 Day Military Diet. When deciding whether or not you want to give the 3 Day Military Diet a go, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons. ![]() ![]() Or at least they say they are. The 4 Day Diet plan encourages diet variety and exercise to help with weight loss. WebMD reviews the pros and cons of this diet. Fad diets may help you take off a few pounds, but sensible eating is a better way to lose weight and keep it off. Learn more from WebMD. You are making a difficult commitment and it’s important to know if it’s worth it to you. Pros: There is no guesswork involved. The plan is all laid out for you. All you need to do is follow it. The meals are quick and easy to prepare. You might lose weight quickly. The diet is not new so you know exactly what to expect. It encourages some amount of exercise. Cons: It drastically limits your calorie consumption. Very low calorie diets can be dangerous. It doesn’t provide enough nutrients to support your healthiest body. It won’t lead to lasting weight loss. It won’t lead to lasting weight loss. It can promote yoyo dieting. Many of the foods on the diet are very processed and full of sugars and additives. These foods like ice cream and hotdogs are not mainstays of a healthy diet. The diet doesn’t teach you good eating habits or portion control that will set you up for long term success. There are no health benefits of this diet. Let’s look at the 3 Day Military Diet meal plan. Each of the 3 meals are clearly laid out making this one of the most straight forward diets to follow. The 3 Day Military Diet Meal Plan. DAY 1. DAY 2. DAY 3. BREAKFAST 1/2 Grapefruit. Slice of Toast – preferably wholegrain. Tablespoons of Peanut Butter. Coffee or Tea (with caffeine)LUNCH1/2 Cup of Tuna or lean protein substitute. Slice of Toast. 1 cup Coffee or Tea (with caffeine)DINNER3 ounces of any type of meat or protein substitute. BREAKFAST1 egg. 1 slice of toast. LUNCH1 cup of cottage cheese. DINNER2 hot dogs (without bun)1 cup of broccoli. BREAKFAST5 saltine crackers. LUNCH1 hardboiled egg (or cooked however you like)1 slice of toast. DINNER1 cup of tuna. You’re supposed to exercise and eat normally for the next 4 days after you complete the 3 day diet. Diet and Substitution Information. The idea behind this 3- day Military Diet is that the recommended foods that work together to boost your metabolism. Therefore, if you are not following the diet exactly, you may not benefit from the same results. Food sensitivities, allergies, and ethical choices may force you to modify a bit. Take a look at these recommendations and substitutions to help you along as needed. Toast. You can use any kind of bread you would like. If possible choose whole wheat or whole grain with limited added sugars. Gluten free may be used if you need to. In place of toast you may have: You may substitute your toast with. It’s best to choose a natural variety with little added salt, sugar, or oils. Check the label on your peanut butter to be sure. If you have a peanut allergy, in place of peanut butter you may substitute: Sunflower butter. Almond butter. Other nut butter. Sunflower kernels. Tuna, Meat, and Hotdogs. You may have any kind of tuna or meat that you choose. Fresh or canned tuna doesn’t make a difference for the 3 Day Military Diet. You can also choose between beef and turkey dogs but it’s recommended to avoid hot dogs from mixed meat sources. Since hot dogs aren’t typically a nutritious choice, if you are slightly more concerned with your health and avoiding highly processed food another option may be for you. Just make sure your meat or meat substitution for the 2 hot dogs contains between 2. Substitutions for tuna, meat, and hotdogs include: Tofu. Soy . Other substitutions include: Vegan or dairy free . Others just don’t care for it. Either way, don’t substitute oranges or orange juice. Oranges won’t give your body the same alkalizing effect that grapefruit produces. In fact, oranges promote more acidic p. H balances. The more acidic the p. H balance, the easier it is for the body to store fat. Because of this principle, it’s important to only substitute grapefruit with other substances that have that alkalizing effect. The best substitute then is 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda mixed with a cup of water. There really isn’t another suitable substitution that can be made here. Bananas. If bananas aren’t your cup of tea, you have a little leeway. Just be sure to take in the same number of calories as the banana when substituting. Other options include: 2 kiwi. Apples. If apples aren’t for you, you can substitute them for another fruit or vegetable with a similar calorie count. Instead try the following: grapespeachesplumszucchinidried apricots. Green Beans. It is ok to substitute certain vegetables for green beans. Appropriate substitutions include: 3 cups of raw spinachlettuce with a few cherry tomatoesregular tomatoesthe same calorie count as the recommended serving of green beans in any other green vegetable. Carrots. It is ok to substitute certain vegetables for green beans. Appropriate substitutions include: 3 cups of raw spinachlettuce with a few cherry tomatoesregular tomatoesthe same calorie count as the recommended serving of green beans in any other green vegetable. Broccoli. Substitutions for the green trees can be made, though they aren’t recommended. You can switch out these vegetables for broccoli: cauliflowerbrussel sproutsspinachasparagus. Saltline Crackers. If you need to substitute saltines on the 3 day Military diet, pick another option that has the right number of calories. A saltine has about 1. Other options include: rice cakesgluten free saltines. Seasonings, Condiments, and other Extras. There aren’t many allowed during the 3 Day Military Diet. In addition to the very strict foods with minimal substitutions, you can incorporate small amounts of: Splendamustardrelishsalt, when used very sparinglypepper and other spicesmints and sugar free gum. With the exception of pepper and other spices, only the bare minimum of these other foods and condiments should be used when adhering to the 3 day Military Diet. Too much salt will cause you to hold onto water weight that you are trying to loose. The 3 Day Military Diet Results. The 3 Day Military Diet will deliver some impressive weight loss results if you stick with it as outlined during the 3 days on. You will also need to make sure you don’t go over the 1. During those off days, keep away from alcohol, sugary drinks, and other foods that would limit weight loss. Fad Diets. A fad diet is a diet that promises quick weight loss through what is usually an unhealthy and unbalanced diet. Fad diets are targeted at people who want to lose weight quickly without exercise. Some fad diets claim that they make you lose fat, but it’s really water weight you’re losing. Fad diets that are restricted to certain foods may work, but most are boring or unappealing. This can make them difficult to follow on a long- term basis. And some fad diets can actually be harmful to your health. How to Determine Fact from Fad To determine if a diet is a fad diet, ask yourself these questions: Does the diet promise quick weight loss? Does the diet sound too good to be true? Does the diet help sell a company’s product? Does the diet lack valid scientific research to support its claims? Does the diet give lists of “good” and “bad” foods? If you can answer “yes” to any or all of these questions, the diet is probably a fad diet. Examples of Fad Diets. High- protein diets. These diets propose that you eat large quantities of protein (meat, eggs, etc.) to lose weight and build muscle. Regular physical activity and weight training build muscle strength, not eating large quantities of protein. This type of diet can actually be dangerous. If you exceed the amount of protein your body needs daily, you put a strain on your liver and kidneys. The early weight lost with this diet is usually due to water loss, not fat loss. Diets that focus on protein- rich foods may be missing specific nutrients and adding fat and calories to your diet. Liquid diets. Liquid diets cut out substances that may be beneficial to the body. For example, phytochemicals (FY- toe- KEM- uh- kals) are plant substances (found in vegetables and fruits) believed to protect against disease. In addition, the effects of a liquid diet may be only temporary. Once you return to eating regular foods, you usually put the pounds right back on. Grapefruit diet. This diet proposes that eating only grapefruit will help you shed pounds. But any diet based on one food is much too restrictive to be healthy. Usually, this type of diet is too low in calories and is missing needed vitamins and minerals. Juice or broth fasts. Some dieters try to lose weight by drinking only juice and/or broth for a period of time. Fasting (not eating solid food) for a long period of time can lead to dizziness and fatigue. In addition, your body reacts to starvation by lowering your metabolic rate (the rate at which your body burns calories). This means your body is burning fewer calories. Food- combining diets. Some diets propose that a certain combination of foods will help burn calories faster. There is no scientific evidence to prove that the body processes certain combinations of foods any differently than random ones. Some of these types of diets are low in protein and vital nutrients, and others may cause diarrhea. Crazy for cabbage. This all- cabbage fad diet helps dieters shed mostly water weight. Once the diet is stopped, the weight is usually regained. It may also cause gastrointestinal problems and light- headedness. Potential problems with fad diets. Poor long- term weight control. Most fad diets promote a “quick fix” and don’t teach healthy eating plans. They tend to be restrictive, boring, and difficult to follow over the long term. Once the weight is lost, a dieter often returns to old eating patterns and habits, causing him or her to regain weight. Increased risk of chronic disease, like heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure, and osteoporosis. Many fad diets restrict or eliminate fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and whole grains. These foods are loaded with nutrients that are thought to help prevent many chronic conditions. In addition, diets that are too high in protein may cause an increase in calcium loss, leading to osteoporosis. Reduced athletic performance. Diets that significantly restrict carbohydrates increase symptoms of fatigue and decrease body energy supplies and endurance. In addition, low carbohydrate diets cause a loss of fluid and electrolytes. Your body needs carbohydrates for energy. Carbohydrate stores are tied to fluid in your body. When you don’t eat enough carbohydrates, your body pulls from your stores, also pulling fluid and electrolytes in the process. Your body then gets rid of fluids and electrolytes. This can cause low blood pressure and decreased performance. Kidney stones and gout. Diets that are high in protein and low in carbohydrates often lead to the formation of uric acid and calcium oxalate, causing kidney stone formation and gout. Ketosis. A diet that is low in carbohydrates puts your body into ketosis, a condition that is unnatural. Ketosis most often occurs in starvation, but it can also occur if you don’t eat enough carbohydrates. Without adequate carbohydrates for an energy supply, fat becomes the primary energy source and ketones become the means of transportation. You may notice “keto breath” or a funny smell to your breath. Talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian before beginning any diet or changed meal plan. Remember that fad diets have a low chance of success and may have harmful side effects. Exercise for Weight Loss. Overweight & Weight Loss - Ask the Dietitian. Record a goal that you can reach in one month that is 4 to 8 pounds less than you weigh now. Set a goal you know you can achieve. Spread your calories around - Divide your calorie goal by the number of meals (at least three) so that you eat about the same amount of calories at each meal. I told her what to do, but I wasn't doing it. I couldn't. Phytolacca berry, phytolacca berry tablets, weight loss tips in telugu, markatasana, phytolacca berry tablets review, how to weight loss fast at home in telugu, how. How to Lose Weight. There are many reasons why you might want to lose weight. If you have been significantly overweight or obese for a long time, then you might have. Cycling is a truly invigorating and liberating experience, enjoyed by people of all ages and from all walks of life. Whether you're cycling to work, to school, to the. If meals are more than 5. Make sure you eat at least 1. Diet foods not required - Eat regular foods rather than the . Diet foods are usually not as satisfying or filling so you may eat more of them. Drink fat free or skim milk so you can add some fat at meals. If you only drink 1% milk, then cut added fat in half at meals. If you drink 2% (low fat) milk, then don't add any fat to food at meals. Eat the basic food groups at meals - lean meat, legumes, dairy, fruits and vegetables. Then add one or two servings of whole grains or starches each meal to reach your calorie goal. Include eight ounces of milk and one serving of whole grains, fruits and vegetables at each meal to provide carbohydrate fuel for your brain and muscles. You need at least 1. Drastic changes not recommended - The plan you follow to lose weight should be built on the how you eat now modified by these ten changes. A weight loss plan should be a plan you can follow for a lifetime by making small changes in the portion sizes you eat once you reach your goal weight so that you can maintain a healthy weight. Try the Healthy Body Calculator to calculate your basal calorie needs (don't include activity) at your current weight and your goal weight. There may be as little as a 1. Portion control - Control meal portions to a piece of lean meat as big as the back of your hand from your knuckles to where your wrist bends and as thick as your little finger or about the size of a deck of cards. ![]() Other foods like whole grains, vegetables and fruits can be portioned to 2 heaping serving tablespoons or approximately . Measure how many ounces are in your beverage glass or mug so that you pour 4 or 8 ounces portions. Cook it yourself - Bake, broil or steam food rather than frying. Consider cooking from scratch more often so you know what is in the food you eat. ![]() Some fat is OK - Limit added fat to 1 teaspoon (margarine or mayonnaise or oil) or 1 tablespoon of salad dressing per meal if this doesn't exceed your calorie goal. You can choose to put margarine on your potato or salad dressing on your salad, but not both. To limit salad dressing and make it go farther, serve your salad dressing on the side of your salad and then dip your fork in the dressing before spearing each mouthfulof salad. Sugar is not evil - You just can't afford the calories. Sugar only contains carbohydrate so use an artificial sweetener in beverages or drink sugar- free soda in reasonable amounts. Alcohol in moderation - Alcoholic beverages are just as empty of nutrients as sugar, but your liver processes them like fat. If you drink, limit yourself to one drink per day (1. Desserts are mostly fat and sugar which will put you over your calorie goal for the day. You can find a dietitian at the American Dietetic Association. Include your zip code or city / state and the type of service you want (individual consultation) with expertise in childhood obesity, healthy eating / meal planning, metabolic measurements or weight control. I've read the questions submitted by other readers and I've realized that I am going to sound very stupid and woefully ignorant but here goes. If you are over 1. Healthy Body Calculator. ![]() If you are younger, try the Healthy Kid Calculator. Do you have a dietician you could recommend in Memphis,TN? Thanks again! Thanks for the feedback. Has your doctor talked to you about exercising? Thank you for taking the time to read this and I would appreciate any input and suggestions that you may have concerning the topic I have chosen. Well both weight loss alternatives are rather drastic. I had asked your calculator to calculate how many calories I needed to lose 2 pounds a week. I have been extremely careful about what I have been eating and at the most I have been off by +/- 1. I must have either calculated wrong or I have some sort of metabolism problem. Here are my statistics. I ended up adding up all I do and finding the daily average. I walk 2 miles 5 days per week (1/2 hour @ 4mph) and I do 2. On weekends I am usually fairly active, but it's hard to predict. Should I be eating a different number of calories each day depending on how active I am that day? It's a lot easier to just pick a number and stick with it, but I could probably vary my daily intake if it would make a big difference. The only way I have ever lost weight in the past is to extremely limit my calories (< 1. A LOT. When I do this I can usually lose about 2 pounds a week. Even doing this I haven't been able to maintain the weight loss or even get to what your program considers an ideal weight for me (1. I have never been able to keep the weight off for more than a year or two because it is so difficult to work out that much and eat that little. I would really appreciate it if you would respond to this. I am very frustrated and I'm not sure what to try next since this clearly isn't working. Do I have a serious health / metabolism problem? If you are eating 1. Do your clothes fit the same, tighter or looser? If your clothes fit looser, then you probably have put on muscle as 1 pound of muscle takes up less physical space than 1 pound of body fat because muscle is more dense and has a higher water content. If you have gained 5 pounds in 6 weeks, then you are gaining about 1 pound per week. If you are off by 1. Another possibility may be that weight training, Stairmaster and aerobics have increased your muscle size. Unless you had your body fat measured prior to your calorie counts and again at 3 month intervals, you won't know if you have added muscle or fat or a combination of both. Your body weight as measured on a scale will only tell a change in physical weight not composition. So you may be increasing muscle mass and decreasing your fat stores through exercise without any change in your scale weight. That is why scale weight is such a gross measure, as it doesn't tell you what percent body fat you are. Perhaps you should have your body fat tested. If your body fat is less than 2. Weight Loss Resorts, Retreats and Health Spas. Lose the fat camp mentality and view the top destinations for your health and fitness goals. CAR magazine, overwhelmingly acknowledged as the world's best car magazine, has driven into India under the name of CAR India. Explosive and vibrant, as well as. Cardio is the most common form of weight loss exercise. It is effective, increases heart rate and metabolism too which are key elements for weight loss. Try out these. View Larger. Ideal Weight Chart for Men (Imperial) Weight in Stones and Pounds / Height in Feet and Inches. An Excellent Hot Shapers in India. Hot shapers is an innovatively designed Neotex fitness wear to help you lose extra inches from your body and. ![]() You should follow a consistent calorie and exercise goal each day even though what you end up doing may vary which is OK. People need to be flexible with their eating and exercise programs to enjoy life to the fullest. ![]() Given your height, you do burn more calories than a shorter person and I am surprised that you have to follow a 1. Write back with how you are tracking the calories you eat as you may be underestimating how much you eat. Do you write down everything you eat, amount and measure i. Then do you use computer software to do the analysis or do you do analyze calories on paper? There is no ideal weight and 1. Perhaps 1. 76 pounds would be a more appropriate weight goal for you. Unless you have some long term illness that you are aware of and have not disclosed to me, with the information that you have provided, no, you do not have some serious health problem. ![]() I had a daughter three years ago. I gained about 6. I dropped forty of those pounds, but I just can't seem to lose the last 2. Before her, I weighed 1. ![]() ![]() ![]() I now weigh around 1. I have kept this weight pretty constant over that three year period give or take a few pounds. I'm not gaining which is good, but how in the heck do I lose? I have a sedentary job, so I joined a gym about a month ago. Either I need to go to the gym more or I need to find a better way of eating. I don't eat much, so I guess it must be what I'm eating. Also, I am on a limited budget because I am a college student. Can you help me? Before effectively answering your question it would be beneficial to know your height in addition to your weight. If your height is between 5'3? What was your BMI report? A value exceeding 2. A value of 3. 0 or more indicates obesity related health risks. A desirable weight for height for adults is a BMI of 2. How's yours? After you have determined that, hopefully you will be able to see whether or not you are in fact overweight. It is good that you have maintained a constant weight of 1. Overweight increases your health risk. Since itis your goal to lose weight you need to remember that combining exercise and a balanced diet are essential for success. A healthy guide to eating would include using the guidelines of the Food Guide Pyramid. According to the pyramid, you should be eating 2- 3 servings of meat, fish, poultry, dry beans (basically proteins) a day. Keep in mind one serving of meat is 3 ounces (about the size of a deck of playing cards). It would be wise to choose meats that have lower fat content such as poultry without the skin, fish or very lean cuts of red meat. You should consume 2- 3 servings of dairy and choose low fat products from this group such as skim milk or plain yogurt which are good sources of calcium (you need at least 8. Eat 3- 5 servings of vegetables per day without added fat or sauce; 2- 3 servings of fruit and finally 6 servings of bread, rice, cereals, pasta (all of which are carbohydrates). Select foods without added fat or sugar. Generally, when attempting to lose weight, one would choose the minimum amount of servings, meaning six carbohydrates instead of eleven. Overall, the Food Guide Pyramid incorporates the foundations of a healthy, balanced diet. Continue to exercise at the gym. Get at least 3. 0 minutes of aerobic (fat burning requires oxygen) conditioning. Some suggestions could be participating in an aerobics class, running on the treadmill, riding a bike, doing the stair climber or perhaps another activity you like. You should be working out at least 3 to 5 times during the week. It might also be helpful to lift weights as that increases metabolism while it increases your muscle size. The more times you work out the better you will feel and the more inclined you will be to lose unwanted weight. Behavior Modification in the Classroom . All behavior follows a set of consistent rules. Methods can be developed for defining, observing, and measuring behaviors, as well as designing effective interventions. Behavior modification techniques never fail. Rather, they are either applied inefficiently or inconsistently, which leads to less than desired change. All behavior is maintained, changed, or shaped by the consequences of that behavior. ![]() Although there are certain limits, such as temperamental or emotional influences related to ADHD or depression, all children function more effectively under the right set of consequences. Reinforcers are consequences that strengthen behavior. Punishments are consequences that weaken behavior. Students' behaviors are managed and changed by the consequences of classroom behavior. To manage behavior through consequences, use this multi- step process: The problem must be defined, usually by count or description. Design a way to change the behavior. ![]() Thanks for printing! Don't forget to come back to Quick Weight Loss Centers of Georgia for fresh articles! Our Program THE LAST PROGRAM YOU WILL EVER NEED!*. Behavior Modification in the Classroom. Mather and Sam Goldstein. Behavior modification assumes that observable and measurable behaviors are good targets for. Commercial Weight-loss Products and Programs (Weight maintenance, Overweight, Obesity and Severe Obesity) This section reviews some of the most popular types of. Identify an effective reinforcer. Apply the reinforcer consistently to shape or change behavior. Consequences of behavior are directly related to the events that either come immediately before or after them. Table 4. 2 provides examples of behavioral outcomes as they relate to various events. Popular models and techniques for dealing with discipline referrals. Model. Techniques emphasized.
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Focusing on Prevention. Preventative classroom management Effective teaching practices, frequent monitoring, clear rules and procedures, social praise, and so forth Prosocial behavior. Systematic reinforcement, modeling of prosocial behavior, verbal instruction, role playing. Moral education. Classroom moral discussions of real- life dilemmas, hypothetical situations, and literature; role playing; student participation in school government. ![]() Social problem solving (SPS)Direct teaching of SPS skills (e. Modeks and techniques that focus on prevention. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (p. Silver Spring, MID: National Association of School Psychologists; Copyright 1. National Association of School Psychologists. Reprinted by permission of publisher. Reinforcement and punishment follow a clear set of basic principles: reinforcement or punishment always follows behavior,reinforcement or punishment follows the target behavior as soon as possible,reinforcement or punishment fits the target behavior and must be meaningful to the child, and multiple reinforcers, or punishments are likely more effective than single reinforcers or punishments. Reinforcement. Table 4. Technique, behavior, consequence, and probable effect. Classification. Exhibited behavior. Consequences. Probable future effect on behavior. Positive reinforcement. Jane cleans her room. Jane's parents praise her. Jane will continue to clean her room. Positive reinforcement Carmen brushes her teeth after meals. Carmen receives a nickel each time. Carmen will continue to brush her teeth after meals. Positive reinforcement. Rob works quietly at his seat. The teacher praises and rewards Rob. Rob will continue to work quietly at his seat. Negative reinforcement. Jason complains that older boys consistently beat him up, and he refuses to attend school. Jason's parents allow him to remain at home because of his complaints. Jason will continue to miss school. Negative reinforcement Balin complains of headaches when it is time to do homework. Balin is allowed to go to bed without doing his homework. Balin will have headaches whenever there is homework to do. Extinction. Jim washes his father's car. Jim's car washing behavior is ignored. Jim will stop washing his father's car. Extinction. Carmen puts glue on Joe's seat. Carmen is ignored. Carmen will stop putting glue on Joe's seat. Punishment. Marta sits on the arm of the chair. Marta is spanked each time she sits on the arm of the chair. Marta will not sit on the arm of the chair. Punishment. Takeo puts Gwen's pigtails in the paint. The teacher administers the paddle to Takeo's posterior. Takeo will not put Gwen's pigtail in the paint. From Walker, J. E., & Shea, T. M. Behavior management: A practical approach for educators (5th ed.). New York: Macmillan; adapted by permission. Although reinforcement and punishment can be equally effective in reducing specific target behaviors in the classroom, reinforcement is by far more effective in helping children develop alternative, more functional behaviors. When Jeremy was in third grade, his teacher instituted a procedure in which he would receive a tally mark if she looked over and saw that he was tipping back in his chair. She placed 4 Xs under each chair leg to remind him not to lean back. A more positive approach would be to let Jeremy earn a tally mark each time she looked over and saw that all four legs were down. This would reinforce the desired behavior. It is important to always begin with a number of reinforcing strategies before resorting to punishment as a means of reducing unwanted or aversive classroom behaviors. Schedules. Schedules define and identify the amount of work required or the time that must elapse between reinforcers. Some schedules are continuous, providing a reinforcement or punishment every time the target behavior occurs. Fixed or variable interval schedules are time related, and fixed or variable ratio schedules are related to how much work is completed. Fixed schedules result in higher rates of performance than continuous schedules. In classroom settings, most teachers use fixed ratio interval schedules. They are effective because the child knows exactly what is expected and the requirements of performance are clearly spelled out. Keep in mind that variable schedules are not as good for shaping new behaviors but are excellent for maintaining well- learned behaviors. A simple system to evaluate the most common classroom problems (e. Information obtained is usually observed at 1. If any of the behaviors occur, whether once or more than once, a single notation is made for that interval. Positive reinforcement The appropriate application of positive reinforcement has repeatedly been demonstrated to increase both on- task behavior and work completion (for reviews, see Barkley, 1. Du. Paul & Stoner, 1. Goldstein, 1. 99. Walker & Walker, 1. In the early elementary school grades, teachers exhibit a significant degree of positive reinforcement for desired behaviors (White, 1. That is, when a desired behavior is exhibited, teachers frequently respond with a consequence that is likely to increase the reoccurrence of that behavior. Jeremy's first- grade teacher offered frequent praise when he was sitting quietly in his seat. By middle elementary school and through secondary school, however, teachers begin paying increasingly greater attention to undesirable behaviors and less attention to appropriate behaviors. Unfortunately, paying attention to the undesirable behavior causes it to cease in the short run but occur more frequently in the long run. Children with ADHD may often be more interested in tasks other than those on which the teacher is focusing (Douglas, 1. This leads to significantly more nonproductive activity and uneven, unpredictable classroom behavior. Interestingly, the overall rates of negative teacher- child interactions involving typical students are also higher in classrooms containing children with ADHD (Campbell, Endman, & Bernfeld, 1. According to reports, teachers are more intense and controlling when interacting with children with ADHD. Within school settings, children with ADHD appear to experience negative consequences because of their temperament and a performance history that often involves beginning but not completing tasks. Many teachers in this circumstance unfortunately tend to focus on the misbehavior rather than on the reduction or termination of the behavior. This may further disrupt the classroom by disturbing other students. In the first few grades, when teachers appear to be making a conscientious effort to positively reinforce their students, the child with ADHD often does not receive his or her share of reinforcement. In the later grades, as teachers exhibit less positive reinforcement, perhaps because they feel that it is not needed, the child with ADHD is placed at even greater risk. Positive reinforcement programs should begin at the level at which children can succeed and be positively reinforced. All too often, teachers set up wonderful behavioral programs but set initial criteria for success too high. The child with ADHD in this system rarely reaches success. Problem behavior must be defined operationally and then a level of baseline occurrence must be obtained. At first, provide reinforcement when the child is at or slightly better than baseline. For example, in first grade, Jeremy was out of his seat 1. As the child succeeds, the necessary criteria for reinforcement can be gradually increased, requiring fewer out- of- seat behaviors during a given time period. Response discrepancy observation method You may also want to determine the amount of time a student exhibits on- and off- task behavior. One simple behavioral observation method is called response discrepancy because it allows you to record a discrepancy between the target student and a typical class peer (Rhode, Jenson, & Reavis, 1. Figure 4. 5 presents a form to use for this system. To begin, match the target student with a same- sex peer who exhibits typical classroom behavior. Next, check off the type of activity: class, small- group activity or independent activity. The observation period lasts 1. The left side of the box is used for the target student and the right side is used for the classroom peer. At the end of each 1. Ignore behaviors between the recording points. At the end of the 1. This may be accomplished using the formula provided in Figure 4. Rhode et al., 1. 99. Operational definitions of behaviors in the TOAD system. Best Weight Loss Plans & Diet Programs. Tel.: 0. 3- 5. 96. Honesty and everything rezongiced. Tel.: 0. 2- 2. 45. EXT. 1. 14. . That& #0. Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT). For some that means changing legislation and the grand jury system, or giving police body cameras. We& #8. 21. 7; ve picked out a selection of great deals to get you started and to help you save some pennies. Find breaking business news, financial news, stock market updates, technology, clean tech, blogs, local business for the San Francisco Bay Area. Designed to help you promote healthy habits to students that will last a lifetime. From the Principal Files. Principals Launch School-Wide Wellness Programs. Many schools weave health awareness programs into their curriculum. Those programs improve. Johnson thinks not: ? Why do people accept officials taking kickbacks? ![]() In Africa, people have become accustomed to mediocrity because they have been governed badly for many years. I& rsquo; ve been telling everyone.& rsquo; Anything that makes your property & mdash; or more importantly, you & mdash; seem more interesting is great. Youbetter change,? OK, then you are reaping the benefits.& rsquo; & rdquo. It makes sense to stay there and get some treatment. Nobody cares about this. 830 WCCOWelcome to News Radio 830 WCCO on CBSMinnesota.com! WCCO is part of CBS Radio, a division of CBS Corp. HANDMADE ICE CREAM SANDWICHES DEBUT AT SUMMER FANCY FOOD SHOW (posted June 29, 2017) Too Cool Chix makes its debut with a line of premium ice cream novelties. THAT IS THE PIG QUESTION. Lionel argues no, while Richard salutes Kwiatkowski's panache and Daniel suggests that if any shortcomings were highlighted they were those of the course rather than the riders. Where was the patience after the Knicks won 5. Atlantic Division and even won the team& rsquo; s one and only playoff series since the spring of 2. Two loudmouths who probably couldn& rsquo; t even find the ignition switch on an F- 1. It& rsquo; s the opposite approach Denver has taken with Peyton Manning as John Elway keeps loading up and adding to the firepower around him. So we're on a pause mode right now.? Of course there is some difference as regards children's teeth, but that's because of delayed eruption. Or read a book from a real journalist like Gretchen Morgenson, her & #8. Reckless Endangerment& #8. Absolutely, to give the guys a day off. It& rsquo; s about swinging at good pitches. Or a chance to win? I believe he does give us a chance to win.& rdquo. Really embrace your inner 6. ASOS with these Quay Invador cat eye style, or go for maximum edge in these Wildfox Bel Air beauties. Since the league went to a weighted lottery system in 1. Orlando Magic in 2. It& rsquo; s what their potential rivals for the Democratic and Republican nominations & mdash; Jeb Bush and Elizabeth Warren, among them & mdash; are talking about, too. Dalyell, a former Labour MP for the area, first came across Salmond on a school visit. The myopic, non- stop, constant focus on Benghazi since the day of the tragic September 2. Lots of useful information here. Im sending it to some friends ans also sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks for your sweat! Thanx you for you affair. Lamisil Cream Made Of Medicine Paxil Paroxetine Metformin The Pill Viagra Oysters Feeding Plavix When To Zovirax Cream Aciclovir . Respiratory Allergy Profile D Pteronyssinus Baclofen Side Effects Reports Uv Spectrum For Ibuprofen . Gourmet Dip Mixes, Dressings, Salsa Dips, & Cheesecake Creations.![]() Best Halogen Cooker. New products with new features. Halogen ovens have been around for a long time now and if you opt for the old models you will be missing out for things have moved on. The technology has been refined, new halogen tubes are very efficient, using even less electricity. The newer halogen rings are much tougher than early ones. The designs of the lids has improved in several ways, to give less spattering into the element, to give longer fan life, quieter fan use and better hot air circulation. So have a good read through the reviews on my little website and make an informed choice. Halogens will save you money. In the past year electricity and gas prices have soared, with some bills expected to be 1. If you are like most of us, in most European countries today , with austerity budgeting, no wage rises for the longest period in modern history, food prices also rising faster than ever before, plus household bills like petrol and mortgage or rent at an all time high, the halogen is a breath of fresh air! ![]() It cooks faster than any other method, it cooks from frozen many meals that usually require a defrosting period. It cooks meat and chicken to perfection. It hardly ever needs preheating like a gas oven and it is just the right size for family meals, so you’re not heating a huge oven to cook 4 fish fingers for supper! We review the very best Halogen ovens. Which ones are worth the money and which will end up in the bin. Great Halogen Oven cooking tips & recipes. What is a low carb diet, really? When can a low carb diet be beneficial? Should everyone follow a low carb diet? Or, can a low carb diet ruin your health? A caravan and camping holiday is a wonderful way to enjoy the beautiful beaches, breathtaking landscapes and secret treasures of NSW. I did not grow up eating fish. My dad doesn’t like it and so, aside from the occasional tuna salad sandwich, fish was never on our table. I didn’t even start to. Visitnsw.com; Destinations; North Coast; Forster & Taree Area; Accommodation; Forster & Taree Area Caravan Parks & Campgrounds Accommodation. Seeking a place to stay. ![]() Account Options. Sign in; Search settings; Web History. EzineArticles.com allows expert authors in hundreds of niche fields to get massive levels of exposure in exchange for the submission of their quality original articles. Questions and Answers from the Community. There are three rock shops in NYC, and the best will depend on what you are looking for and your. All that data analysis proved a few things. The bright night glow came from enhancements in airglow caused by just the right atmospheric conditions. For those that don’t, this is a life saver. The lid contains the heater element and should not be handled roughly – the hinged type lid solves that problem. The lid is also very hot so you really need to be sure you are able to lift it quickly and securely to one side, plus it is plugged into the wall making it doubly difficult if you are a little immobile. The hinged lid design solves this problem too, just open it up and it stays there safely out of the way while you attend to the contents of the oven. It has been a complaint aimed at the Halogen oven from day one, the heating element is easily damaged by rough handling. Sooner or later it may break, although less so now, as the new generation of Halogen oven has a much better life span. Nevertheless, if it does break, you don’t want that to be the end, a simple to fit replacement at a good price is an essential consideration. The benefits of the oven overall, make it very worthwhile to fit a new element if you can, rather than have to dump the whole unit. Ensure there is no question of electrical safety. A simple point this one. Some halogen ovens are still on sale in the original form without the essential modifications to bad designs. If you go through the reviews on this site, my scores will make it clear enough, when there are a lot of comments and feedback from many customers about the same problems , like sparking electric cables, rusty element covers and poor electrical contacts to the lamp, the manufacturers of these models really should have modifications ready and carried out pronto ! Ok the old dials were dead simple, set up temperature with one and time with the other. Its fine to give your customers new digital controls, but if they are difficult to use, it simply puts customers off. I particularly like the Andrew James model, that introduced digital controls, it followed the same simple layout as the old dial types and was a big hit – because it was understandable. The advantages with digital are obvious, in that times and temperatures can be set very precisely . In addition some would introduce new features like different fan speeds and delay timers, so you could have something preloaded in the oven and time it to start at a later time. Is the manufacturer in the UK( or US) and can be contacted easily. So often I read reviews of goods bought in supermarkets, with an unknown name usually cheap, but not always, being commented on by some luckless customer who can’t get a replacement handle or glass bowl. With the ones I review, you know where you are, you can phone or email the service departments and order parts. Asda for example sell some kettles at an unbelievable ! Also don’t attempt the job unless you can buy the right part. Never burn or overcook your food ever again! Cooking is controlled with a timer. Next thing the milk is bubbling over or the smell of burning pizza is coming upstairs or even setting off the smoke alarm. It will only cook with the timer engaged, so you can’t fool it ! Which is easiest to clean up, A halogen Oven, A gas oven or a microwave ? Easy! The Halogen will self clean the grease and most burnt on remains after use, but it is also dishwasher safe. Even the microwave takes a little while, but the Halogen makes a really quick meal and cooks it well, afterwards just pour in some hot water and a squirt of washing up liquid and put it on “clean cycle” . The soapy water starts to swirl around the bowl and after a short while has cleaned off the worst of the grease. If necessary you can pop the big bowl in the dishwasher . Forums - Canal World. Canal World. Join us absolutely Free in just two minutes to gain access to all our features. Once registered, you will be able to submit new content and get answers to your all your canal & boating questions all for absolutely Free! Local listings, news, recaps, photos, clips and more. Archives - Philly. ![]() ![]() ![]() The “worst” of the worst weight- loss products and programs. Most Outrageous – Worst Claim – Worst Product – Worst Gimmick! For a discussion and explanation of the above products over the years, click here. Fraudulent weight loss products and programs often rely on unscrupulous but persuasive combinations of the message, program, ingredients, mystique and method of availability. ![]() A weight loss product or program may be fraudulent if it does one or more of the following: Questions and complaints should be directed to your State Attorney General’s Office, Consumer Affairs. Other agencies concerned with fraud are the FDA, FTC, Postal Service and Better Business Bureau. Excerpted from “Weight Loss Fraud and Quackery,” by Francie M. Healthy Weight Network, Hettinger, ND. Rid the World of Fad Diets & Gimmicks Day is on Tuesday of Healthy Weight Week, which is celebrated the third full week in January. ![]() During Healthy Weight Week people are encouraged to improve health habits in lasting ways. It’s a time to celebrate the diversity of real women, as well as men, and to help them shift focus from failed and risky weight loss efforts to being healthy at their natural sizes. Healthy Weight Week is a time for people to move ahead with a new approach and build confident, diet- free lives for themselves and those they love. Healthy Weight Week. Handouts: Healthy Living at Every Size. Healthy Living Guidelines MEDIA: To arrange an interview with Francie Berg email fmberg@healthyweight. Berg . 3. 0, 2. 01. Weight loss schemes are more lucrative than ever! The Worst Diets of 2. HETTINGER, ND, Dec 3. Healthy Weight Network released its 2. Slim Chance Awards today highlighting four of the worst diets and diet promotions of the year. Berg, a licensed nutritionist and adjunct professor at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine, chair of the event. ![]() Like Jason in a Slasher movie it keeps coming back and back—long after it seems defeated. Willms is a multi- millionaire connected to more than 4. The 2. 3- year- old high school dropout is charged with deceiving people like Candice Rozak of Edmunton who ordered a free trial of a diet pill called Acai Burn that required only a small handling fee and later found her credit card depleted of nearly $7. It’s a major international problem says Canada's Anti- Fraud Call Centre. The complaint says Willms sold at least 1. Promised money- back guarantees were often ignored. Despite the efforts of credit card companies and banks the money kept flowing through shell companies and manipulation of payment data. WORST GIMMICK: The “Pure Energy Weight Loss plus Energy Band.” This plastic bracelet embeds green and silver hologram discs claimed to give off vibes that resonate throughout the body and stimulate weight loss and health. Among the alleged results are decreased appetite, balanced metabolism, balanced hormones. A testimonial declares, “Since I bought my Pure Energy Band I have lost over 8. My goal was to give you enough nutrition and to have. Torrent anonymously with torrshield encrypted vpn pay with bitcoin. PicoTrace is a spin-off company, founded by members of the Faculty of Geosciences of the University of Göttingen, Germany. Our University has a well known tradition. Spotlights the broad range of fraud and quackery in the weight loss field. Lbs and I feel fantastic.” Furthermore a disc does not even need to touch the skin—apparently it can hover at some distance. Supposedly, to be effective it “only needs to be within the body’s natural energy field. For most people, that is within two inches of the body.” WORST CLAIM: Sensa weight- loss crystals. The Sensa website states boldly that users can lose an average of 3. It claims that Sensa has been “clinically proven.” Smell and taste receptors supposedly send the brain messages to tell your body to stop eating. It “activates a hunger- control switch in the brain and you “eat less and feel more satisfied. The California complaint states that (a) there is no competent and reliable scientific evidence to substantiate these claims and (b) an expert who reviewed Sensa's main clinical study judged it “beyond worthless.” WORST PRODUCT: HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin. HCG was first introduced more than 5. British physician Dr. Albert Simeon who claimed the hormone, found in the urine of pregnant women, would mobilize stored fat, suppress appetite and redistribute fat. He contended that regular injections would enable dieters to live comfortably on a 5. For a time, these weekly injections were the most widespread obesity medication administered in the US. In the mid- 7. 0s the FDA and FTC effectively shut them down by ordering the Simeon clinics to stop claiming their programs were safe and effective, and requiring they inform patients in writing that there was no evidence HCG increases weight loss beyond that resulting from caloric restriction.” More recently infomercial king Kevin Trudeau took up the cudgel. His 2. 00. 7 book claims HCG is . HCG is heavily marketed online and in retail outlets as oral drops, pellets, and sprays, while injections for weight loss continue. Labeling states that each should be taken in conjunction with a very- low- calorie- diet which, the FDA noted, can trigger gallstone formation, electrolyte imbalance and abnormal heart rhythms. This is considered a first step in halting sales (Dec 6, 2. The new marketing is so lucrative and people with weight concerns so vulnerable that case- by- case enforcement action has little impact, quackwatchers say. To improve the situation, our society needs a plan that includes screening of certain types of ads, publicly exposing sellers placed on the Visa/Master. Card Match list and routine criminal prosecution of violators. The Slim Chance awards are sponsored by Healthy Weight Network and the National Council Against Health Fraud. They are a lead- up to “Rid the World of Fad Diets and Gimmicks Day” during Healthy Weight Week, the third week in January ( www. RELEASED DEC 2. 8, 2. The Biggest Loser's Bob Harper Was Hospitalized After a Heart Attack. Bob Harper, The Biggest Loser Host, Suffers Heart Attack. By Liam Mathews, Feb 27, 2017.Welcome to Boxing for Life! This site is dedicated to teach individuals how to box, and to give back to the sport that has helped change my life. Lose fat by shining a laser lamp on it? Slim Chance! Worst weight loss products and promotions of 2. HETTINGER, ND, Dec 2. A laser light that melts fat when it “opens the fat cells—right through your skin; the . These are two of the worst weight loss products of 2. Healthy Weight Network and the National Council Against Health Fraud from nominations by health professionals and consumers. The 2. 2nd annual Slim Chance Awards were announced today by Francie M. Berg, a licensed nutritionist, adjunct professor at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine, and chair of the selection committee. In this year when the FDA declined approval for two weight loss drugs and forced withdrawal of another, Meridia, after 1. It’s a slippery slope for law enforcement, with loopholes open for the supplement industry. An ideal scam, this notion sets up a problem that doesn't exist and puts forth a solution to snare the gullible. If it were true, people would not survive, as one FDA agent pointed out: the body is naturally self- cleaning. Aside from their basic silliness, cleansing programs are often high- risk, containing potent laxatives. Ultimate Cleanse combines cascara sagrada, a harsh laxative that in 2. Supposedly it cleanses in five areas (bowel, liver, kidneys, lungs and skin) as well as bloodstream, cells and body tissues. An Arizona man who used Ultimate Cleanse is suing the maker and seller charging that it caused perforation of his colon requiring two operations; his surgeon believes the perforation was caused by cascara segrada. There is no proven safe or effective dose for cascara, derived from the bark of a buckthorn plant. Long- term use may lead to potassium depletion, blood in the urine, disturbed heart function, muscle weakness, finger clubbing and cachexia (extreme weight loss). Regular use is linked to increased risk of hepatitis and colorectal cancer. Though banned as a drug, cascara sells in dietary supplements through a legal loophole. WORST PRODUCT: HCG Supplements In a resurge in popularity of HCG injections among some practitioners and spas, this 1. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), a hormone produced during pregnancy, is claimed to reset the hypothalamus, improve metabolism and mobilize fat stores. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting HCG treatment as a weight or fat loss strategy. In its herbal versions, HCG drops are placed under the tongue (5 drops times 6 times a day or 1. The caveat: the program requires a semi- starvation diet of 5. Further, the HCG program often begins with a liquid fast detox period. Common short- term effects include fatigue, headache, mood swings, depression, confusion, dizziness and stomach pain. MOST OUTRAGEOUS: Basic Research LLCBasic Research, marketer of bogus products, carries an extensive history of FTC warnings, charges, fines and on- going lawsuits against multiple products. Basic Research, also doing business as Carter- Reed Company, has been a plaintiff or defendant in more than 4. In 2. 00. 6, the FTC ordered the company to pay $3 million on behalf of six companies and three principals. Together with one of these, Ak. Most recently Basic Research is being sued for false advertising in marketing “Jillian Michaels Maximum Strength Calorie Control” (Take Two Capsules Before Main Meals And You Lose Weight). Michaels, star and coach on the reality show, the Biggest Loser, gained a reputation as a credible fitness instructor before stumbling into the supplement quagmire, from which she now promotes her own Calorie Control, Fat Burner, Body Detox and Cleanse, and Quick. Start Rapid Weight Loss System, marketing with Basic Research. WORST GIMMICK: Lapex BCS Lipo Laser. With full page advertisements in daily newspapers, Lipo. Laser promoters promise: “Lose 3 . Supposedly, shining the lighted device on a pocket of fat gives results “almost exactly the same as exercise” only instead of “hormones opening the fat cells with exercise, the Laser light opens the fat cells—right through your skin. The same stuff comes out of the fat cells.” So excess fat is released and the fat cells shrink, or so it is claimed. The FDA classifies the device as an infrared lamp rather than a laser, so likely it is harmless. Yet the price is hefty: $1. An online diet review site rates the Lipo. |
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